The MMPI-2 has several validity scales that measure various forms. Consideration of item content became more important as re-searchers and clinicians recognized its usefulness in score inter-pretation (Graham, 1993). The parameters reported are the mean and standard deviation for the validity, clinical, and content scales the number of individuals with elevations on the validity and clinical scales the validity scale scores tabulated by T-score values, and the one- and two-scale codetypes. Because not all items of a given scale are related logically to the clinical syndrome that the scale was developed to assess, and the clinical scale score itself does not directly reflect which content areas are endorsed by a test-taker, heterogeneity serves to reduce the ease with which clinical scale scores are interpreted and their meanings are com-municated (Butcher, Graham, Williams, & Ben-Porath, 1990). The clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI Hathaway & McKinley, 1942) were con-structed using an empirical-keying approach, resulting in hetero-geneity of content for each of the scales. The findings provide further evidence that the content scales aid interpretation of MMPI-2 scores by contributing additional information beyond the clinical scales. Restructured Clinical (RC) and Personality Psychopathology Five (Psy-5) Scales Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales Personality Psychopathology Five (Psy-5) Scales Chapter 8. The RC Scales clarify the MMPI-2 Clinical Scale profile. The Clinical, Content, and Supplementary Scales provide corroboration and elaboration of these results. It includes nine Validity Scales (seven of which are modified versions of the MMPI-2 Validity Scales). Content Interpretation The Harris-Lingoes Subscales Subscales for Scales 5 and 0 The MMPI-2 Content Scales Critical Items Chapter 7. The RC Scales can serve as a road map, orienting users to the psychological problems indicated by MMPI-2 results. A 2nd set of analyses indicated that incremental validity was demonstrated for 4 clinical scales for men and 6 clinical scales for women. The MMPI-2-RF consists of a subset of 338 items from the MMPI-2. Although the MMPI-2 content scale scores of police officers differed from the normative sample, the content scales were not predictive of police officer performance. Of the 10 content scales analyzed, incremental validity was demonstrated for 7 scales for men and 3 scales for women. The goal of this study was to examine the predictive validity of the MMPI-2 content scales in differentiating successful from unsuccessful small-town police officers, using supervisory ratings. Regression analyses were performed to determine if the content scales contributed significantly beyond the conceptually relevant clinical scales in predicting therapists ' ratings. The MMPI-2 scales are recognized as classic and well-researched scales that have undergone wide validation since they were first developed by Starke R. This information may be valuable to clinicians who are planning treatment or assessing treatment outcome for clients with APD.Clinical and content scale scores to predict conceptually relevant symptoms and personality character-istics of 274 male and 425 female mental health center outpatients. The evidence published in peer-reviewed scientific journals indicates that the MMPI-2 scales are valid and comprehensive. Depression (Scale 2 (D)): He exhibits a general sadness and depressed mood about either life or himself. The results of this study illustrate the usefulness of the ASP as a tool for the assessment of antisocial attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in individuals suspected of having APD. MMPI-2 Content-Based Moods Negative Emotionality and General Subjective Distress (A): He has a normal level of general subjective distress and negative affect (A 45 - 57). Diagnostic efficiency statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, negative predictive power, overall correct classification rate, and kappa) were calculated under four different conditions in a clinically relevant manner (Kessel & Zimmerman, 1993. The ASP exhibited an ability to differentiate APD from other personality disorders and was significantly correlated to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for APD while the Pd was not. ASP scores and scores on the MMPI-2 Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) scale were compared in an APD group (n = 10), a Borderline Personality Disorder group (n = 16), a Narcissistic Personality Disorder group (n = 9), an Other Personality Disorder group (representing personality disorders from Clusters A and C n = 14), and a nonclinical population (NC n = 67). This study explored the ability of the MMPI-2 Antisocial Practices Content Scale (ASP) to correctly classify DSM-IV Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD).